Injection Moulded Plastic Educational Materials

Definition


These educational materials include set-squares small rulers, compasses. All are made from plastics. The educational materials known among students as “mathematical instruments” are mostly used in geometry and trigonometry classes. They are used to measure angles, length and to construct different geometric figures. Through not made from plastic, a protractor goes with these educational instruments.

Market Potential

In 2004/2005 total student population in the country was about 12.3 million of whom about 12.2 million were students below university level. With this size of student population, one could expect the presence of a factory which produces these educational materials or instruments. But there is no such a factory. In the Amhara Region alone there were 3.0 million elementary and secondary school students in

Small scale foundry: Assembly business ideas in Ethiopia

Product Description: A foundry plant is a plant where metal is melted, and where the molten metal is poured into a mold for producing a certain product.  Examples of cast metal products are automobile engines, agricultural machine parts, water pumps, pipe fittings, weaving machine parts, manhole covers, etc.

Rationale: Establishing a foundry plant is like planting the seedlings of heavy industry- which is based on metal casting and metal fabrication.  In a region like Amhara, the main purpose of a foundry plant is for producing (casting) spare parts and some components for the machinery and equipment which are in operation in the transport, manufacturing, agriculture and building sectors.

Market Potential: There is not a single foundry plant in the whole Amhara Region.  However, there are various types of machinery and equipment whose many parts need replacement every year.  Many of the parts can be produced using foundry technology.  The need of the thousands of grain mills, motor vehicles, machinery and equipment of the textile, beer, food, leather and other factories for parts that could be produced locally justifies the establishment of the foundry.

Source of Raw Material: Import material is ingot iron and this will be imported.

Production Process & Technology:  The main foundry operations consists of melting, moulding, sand

Sample Business Proposal explained

In the last blog post sample business proposal, I have listed the contents of a typical business proposal.In this blog i would like to give examples to illustrate the contents.

Business proposal starts with executive summary that summarizes the proposal in short. Below is an example.

The project envisages production of xxx,xxx pieces of item name..... per annum. The total investment outlay requirement of the project including the working capital is estimated at about Birr .......; of which Birr ......is for machinery and equipments and Birr ........ is the cost of the working capital. Based on the cash flow statement, the calculated internal rate of return (IRR) and simple rate of returns (SRR) of the project are ..... % and ........%, respectively. The net present value (NPV) at ........ discounting rate is about Birr ........ The plant is expected to create employment opportunities for about ...... persons.

Product Description and Application

As the tittle shows this section should introduce the product and mention the applications of the product. The following example shows product description and applications of knitwear.  Notice the level of product description required in business proposals. Simple definitions are given but they are not too much. Instead comparative advantages are also introduced and applications are put comprehensively.

Example

Knitting is a process which involves interloping of thread with the aid of needles. Unlike woven cloth, knitted fabrics are made of only serious of yarns; and it involves simple process and machinery. It is now among the best products for small scale investment. Knitted fabrics are more elastic than woven cloth, and therefore provide better fillings. It is more durable and many times provides elegant appearance.

Synthetic knitted outwears are common items used by all people during the winter season. Synthetic fiber by virtue of its low weight, high bulk, super soft touch, high color variety and wrinkle resistance property fills a wide range of applications. 

Market study

This is the crucial part of the project and determines the success of a proposal. Here is a great post explaining the market study with worked out examples. Market study in process plant design

Coming soon, 

Raw materials and utilities

Site selection

Technology and engineering

Financial analysis

Related posts

Sample business proposal outline 

Market study in process plant design

Process technology  of 150 manufacturing processes

400 business ideas in Ethiopia

Sample Business Proposal

Here is the format of successful business proposal sample required for small to big investments in Ethiopia.

Product Description and Application    

 

Market Study, Plant Capacity and Production Program

    Market Study   

       Present Demand and Supply    

       Projected Demand        

       Pricing and Distribution               

    Plant Capacity  

    Production Program  

   

Raw Materials and Utilities        

    Availability and Source of Raw Materials             

    Annual Requirement and Cost of Raw Materials and Utilities    

Location and Site        

    

Technology and Engineering     

    Production Process       

    Machinery and Equipment        

    Civil Engineering Cost    

Human Resource and Training Requirement     

   Human Resource           

   Training Requirement   

Financial Analysis           

   Underlying Assumption              

   Investment       

   Production Costs            

   Financial Evaluation      

Economic and Social Benefit and Justification    

Download free samples of full business proposals applicable for Ethiopia here

400 sample business proposal summaries that can help you develop business proposals that can win you funds is found here.

Chemical plant design explains the details of manufacturing industry design.

How to Start an Ethiopian Restaurant

Launching an Ethiopian restaurant is your ticket to owning a good, stable business but it's important to plan out the business in detail before you start. Here are tips and advice that can make your business profitable, stable and built to last.

 

Wondering how to start an Ethiopian restaurant? We take you step-by-step from start to success. 
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Plastic recycling business in Ethiopia

Ethiopia announced on Monday that it was banning the importation of plastic bags as part of the country's green growth initiatives. It is good but I think the best solution is having plastic recycling industries because (1) more jobs (2) greener environment (3) technological experience (4) related research and innovation. The discussion below takes a look at possibility of plastic recycling business in Ethiopia.

1. Product Description: This project idea is about reclaiming of thermoplastic materials to their original state of polyprelene, polurethine, polystsernene or polyvinyl chloride granules and powder. This reclaiming of waste plastic materials to their original state enables, with proportionate compounding of additives and filters, the availability of locally of the raw material used in the manufacture of PVC floor tiles, ball point pen cases, switch boxes, crates, cups an extruded pipes, sewerage PVC pipes and plastic twines or ropes.

2. Market Potential: The demand for products which are from reprocessed waste plastic materials has been increasing at a faster rate during the last 10-15 years. This is particularly true for products such as plastic creates, plastic cups and plates, extruded pipes, PVC floor tiles, plastic ropes. If discarded plastic products

Food processing business ideas in Ethiopia

Baby Meal

In mid 2006, there were 3.2 million children between the age of 0-4 years in the Amhara Region. These children constitute about 17 percent of the population of the Region. Supplementary food for children in the Amhara Region is needed for 3.2 million children. But there is no a single plant or factory in the Region which prepares baby food even though the ingredients for making such food is available in the Region. Given the low level of standard of living of the people in the Region..

Estimated investment and more 


Brown Sugar

In 2004, the Amhara Region had 3.1 million babies and children (0-4 years) and 9.8 million women between the age of 14 and 49.  The babies and children and women, if provided, will consume weaning food.  Currently Fafa Food Products and private a factory produce weaning food.  But for the last 20-25 years, most of the production was supplied to people where there were acute food shortages.  In other words, no weaning food was supplied to mothers and children on a regular basis through out the country; and the benefit of feeding weaning food was not popularized by the media.  But there is a strong felt need...

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Commercial Starch

hile the raw materials for making starch are adequately available at home, the country has been

Galvanized Iron Sheet Products Making Plant

Product: A wide range of essential product items can be fabricated in an establishment equipped with basic processing facilities. The envisaged plant could produce dustbins, storage bins, buckets, bath tubes, gutters etc from galvanized iron sheet.

Rationale: The need for products produced from galvanized iron sheets is very high both in urban and rural areas of Amhara region. Dust bins are used for litter collection, storage bins for grain and other products storage, buckets for carrying water and other liquids, bath tubs for washing and bathing and gutters for drains in construction. These items are

Honey Processing Business

Product Description: Honey is a product obtained from beehives. It is used to sweeten and flavor foods at home and in food industries. It is also used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In our country honey is made into a popular local drink-tej. Processed honey is strained (extracted) honey after raw honey undergoes a serious of filtration and purification processes.

Rationale: Honey is one of the agricultural products which the Amhara Region exports to other regions of the country and to foreign markets. In 2005/2006, of the 4.012 beehives found in Ethiopia, 0.8 million

Wall Tiles business idea

Wall tiles which are used to cover building walls are made in various types - porcelain, semi-porcelain, fine earthenware, etc. Wall tiles are mostly made from quartz, feld-spar, kaolin, clay, etc. The tiles may broadly be classified into those for external and internal decoration. Porcelain tile is used for exterior and earthen tile for interior purposes. Unglazed tile is used for the coverage of floors and glazed tile is used for the purpose of decoration.

In the past wall tiles were used to cover the walls and floors of bath rooms, kitchens, etc. In recent years wall tiles have been used to cover the outside walls of multistory buildings. The interiors of hospitals, clinics, pharmaceutical buildings, food factories and the like are covered with wall tiles. A trip through the major streets of Addis Ababa reveals

Reinforced Concrete Cement Pipes

hese pipes are made from cement, sand, metal stone and mild steel rods which are used as reinforcement for increasing strength. The pipes are used to carry drinking as well as irrigation water. They are also used for drainage and sewerage systems in road and building constructions. The pipes are replacing canals for carrying water to fields which reduces loss of water due to seepage and evaporation.

Market Potential: Reinforced concrete cement pipes are used in the drainage system of urban areas, in rural and urban road construction, in the construction of buildings for different purposes, in irrigation and sewerage disposal projects. In short, they are major inputs in almost all types of civil engineering and building construction works. As mentioned in many other project ideas, these works have been expanding

Cattle Breeding, Fattening and Marketing business

400 more Business Ideas in Ethiopia Here

1 Product Description": These are enterprises which aim at large commercial scale breeding, fattening and marketing of goats and sheep. Better quality off breeds will be selected from indigenous and foreign stock, will be made to breed and fattened for local and foreign markets. Mutton from goats and sheep is very popular in the Sudan and in the Middle East

2 Market Potential: Sheep and goats have huge demand for their mutton in the domestic market especially during holidays and at the end of fasting period of the Christian and Muslim religions. Tens of thousands of sheep and goats are also exported to the gulf countries every year. Recently, Sudan with its newly fouled oil wealth has started importing large number of cattle, sheep and goats from the Amhara region. And this demand will grow in the future. The domestic market for sheep and goats

Business Ideas on Metallic raw material inputs for construction

Here are some of business ideas on construction raw materials (metallic). Follow the links to read more about the business ideas.

1. Reinforcement Iron Bars Making Plant
   
2. Steel Fabrication and Ironwork Factory
   
3. Metallic Doors and Windows and Frames Making Plant
   
4. Steel Pipes Making Plant
   
5. Capped Nails Making Plant
   
6. Bolts and Nuts Making Plant
   
7. Galvanized Iron Sheet Products Making Plant
   
8. Wire and Wire Products Making Plants
   
9. Gabion Making Plant
   
10. Hinges Making Plant
    
11. Aluminum Frames Making Plant
    
12. Door Locks Making Plant
    
13. Steel Profile Making Plant
    
14. Cocks and Valves (Water Line Fittings) Making Plant

 Download complete profiles of these Ideas

Burnt clay Business

1.      Product Description: Clay bricks are major inputs in the building industry. They are mainly used to construct outside and inside (partition) walls of small and large buildings. Brick products are also used for roof tiles. Common wall bricks have standard dimension of 25X12X6.5 cm. Most wall bricks are solid, but there are also hollow bricks with different dimensions. Hollow bricks are relatively light and have good insulating properties. In general buildings made of clay bricks are cool in summer and warm in winter. Compared to building materials such as hollow blocks asbestos, and other synthetic wall making products, clay bricks have long durability.

2.      Rationale: Clay bricks are made from clay soil which can be found in many localities in the Amhara Region. But there is not a single clay bricks making unit in the whole Region. Alls the bricks requirement of the Region is transported form Addis Abab. Clay bricks are one of those construction materials which are expensive to transport long distances. They are usually produced in location close to major construction sites such as main urban centers. Building construction has been expanding during the last few years; and it seems this trend will continue during the coming years. To be self-sufficient in this important building material, at least two or three clay bricks making factories should be established in the region.

3.      Market Potential: According to CSA figures, 1991-1996 E.C annual average production of clay bricks by medium and large factories was 14 million pieces. The survey did not include small scale industries which include small units of brick making plants established during the last ten years. If these are included, annual production of bricks in the country could reach close to 20 million pieces. However, more than 90 percent of this production is concentrated in the around Addis Ababa. Since there are no brick factories in the Region and bricks are expensive to transport, the use of clay bricks is not as common as it is for hollow blocks. But considering the advantages that the use of brick has over the use of hollow blocs (long life, absorption of sound, regulating heat, no need of plastering…) there can exist sufficient demand for bricks in the Amhara region which justifies the establishment of at least two small size factories in the region.

4.     Raw Material: Clay soil is found in many localities in the Region. For example, the Bahir Dar and Debre Markos areas have clay soil in many sites.

5.     Process & Technology: The main processing stages for the production od clay bricks are the following:- Getting clay from the ground and transporting it to factory, preparation of the clay and forming the shape of the brick, drying the “green” clay and finally firing or burning the clay. Main machinery includes tractor and trailers, intermittent chamber kiln, shovels and spades.

6.      Estimated Investment and more

20 More construction business ideas in Ethiopia
400 Business Ideas in 20 Major sectors Here

Construction Business ideas

Here are New construction Business Ideas in Ethiopia. READ the details by following the Title Links Here

 NON-METAL CONSTRUCTION

METAL–BASED CONSTRUCTION

Details of the business Ideas are listed below;


NON-METAL CONSTRUCTION & OTHER PRODUCTS

 
1.      Burnt ClayBricks

2.      Lime Production Plant 

3.      Cemental Products (Floor, Wall and Roof Tiles) Making Plant

4.      Chalk Sticks Production Plant

5.      Cut-stone Production Plant

6.      Gypsum Powder Production Plant

7.      Grinding Stone Production Plant

8.      Marble Processing Plant

9.      Sprayed Polymer Mortar

10.  Roof Tiles from Clay

11.  Production of Gemstones

12.  Sheet Glass Making Plant



METAL–BASED CONSTRUCTION & OTHERPRODUCTS

 
1.      Reinforcement Iron Bars Making Plant

2.      Steel Fabrication and Ironwork Factory

3.      Metallic Doors and Windows and Frames Making Plant

4.      Steel Pipes Making Plant

5.      Capped Nails Making Plant

6.      Bolts and Nuts Making Plant

7.      Galvanized Iron Sheet Products Making Plant

8.      Wire and Wire Products Making Plants

9.      Gabion Making Plant

10.  Hinges Making Plant

11.  Aluminum Frames Making Plant

12.  Door Locks Making Plant

13.  Steel Profile Making Plant

14. Cocks and Valves (Water Line Fittings) MakingPlant

ASSEMBLY, FABRICATION AND MANUFACTURING OF SMALL MACHINES

Here are 19 New Business ideas on small machines, follow the links to read more

1. Assembly & Fabrication of Walking Tiller & Tractor
   
2. Fabrication & Assembly of Hand Pumps
   
3. Fabrication & Assembly of Small Mechanical Threshers
   
4. Assembly & Fabrication of Mechanical Seed Cleaners
   
5. Fabrication and Assembly of Oil Crushers
   
6. Fabrication and Assembly of Grain Mills
   
7. Assembly & Fabrication of Bicycles
   
8. Fabrication & Assembly of Wind Mills
   
9. Fabrication & Assembly of Welding Machines
   
10. Assembly of Centrifugal Pumps
    
11. Winnowers up To 5.H.P. Making Plant
    
12. Solar Cookers Producing Plant
    
13. Poultry Equipment Making Plant
    
14. 3-Wheelers Assembly Plant
    
15. Fabrication of Apparatus Which Converts Sunlight Energy in to Electrical Energy
    
16. Solar Water Heaters Making Plant
    
17. Small Scale Foundry Plant
    
18. Fabrication of Household Hand Knitting Machines
    
19. Sewing Machines Assembly Plant

Manufacturing and Agro Processing Business Ideas

Part One: Food Processing Business Ideas

Here are Details of food processing business ideas in Ethiopia as identified by consultants. Follow the links to read the detail of each business Idea and get full study files.

1. Milk Production and Processing
   
2. Weaning Food Production Plant 
   
3. Sugar Cane Plantation and Sugar Mill
   
4. Essential Oils Production Plant
   
5. Spices Processing Plant
   
6. Pasta and Macaroni Production Plant
   
7. Potato Chips & Wafers Making Plant 
   
8. Dry Milling of Maize Plant
   
9. Animal Feed Making Plant 
   
10. Soyabean Processing Plant
    
11. Baby Food Production Plant
    
12. Vegetable Oil Milling Plant
    
13. Tomato Ketchup Making Plant
    
14. Meat Processing plant
    
15. Production of Cornflakes
    
16. Confectionery Marking Plants
    
17. Fruit & Vegetables Preservation by Drying and Canning
    
18. Fertilizer from Crushed Bones Plant
    
19. Poultry Feed Making Plants
    
20. Jam and Jelly Making Plant
    
21. Glucose Production Plant
    
22. Commercial Starch Production Plant
    
23. Fruit Processing and Canning Plant
    
24. Maize starch production Plant
    
25. Castor Oil Production Plant
    
26. Composite Flour Production Plant
    
27. Milk Powder Production 
    

Reinforcement Iron Bars Making Plant

1. Product Description:  A combination of cement, sand, aggregate and bars of deformed or round iron is the heart of the building and construction industry.  These materials combined together in certain proportion constitute the strength of all building and other construction works.  Buildings, bridges, dams and all kinds of light and heavy construction works require reinforcement bars.  The bars with concrete are reliable in carrying both static and dynamic loads.

2. Rationale:  The production of cement, reinforcement iron bars, sheet glass and bricks are the foundation for the development of modern construction industry.  Most construction materials are bulky which make them expensive to transport long distances.  Thus in practically all cases, many types of construction materials like cement, iron bars, bricks are as far as possible produced in areas which are relatively close to their consumption centers.  The Amhara Region is one of the least constructed and built areas in the country.  In addition, basic construction materials such as cement, reinforcement bars, even bricks are not produced in the Region.  They are all imported from other parts of the country- on the average 600 km from the Region.  This makes these materials more expensive which hampers the expansion of building construction and civil engineering works- which the Region needs very desperately.  Reinforcement bars are made mainly from iron bars which are imported.  The plant which produces reinforcement bars can be located in any city where there is enough power.  At least to save transport cost and to have reliable supply of this essential construction material, there is a strong need to establish one reinforcement bars making plant in the Amhara Region.

3. Market Potential: For a long time there was only one plant which was producing reinforcement bars.  Recently one plant was converted to produce reinforcement bars.  Between 1999 and 2004, average annual production of reinforcement bars was 6,845 tons; and during the same period about the same quantity might have been imported every year.  The two plants are located near Addis Ababa; and the imported bars are also distributed from Addis Ababa.  Similar to many parts of the country, construction is increasing in the Amhara Region.  The current construction volume alone can consume the production of a medium size reinforcement bars making plant.

4. Source of Raw Material: The raw materials are bellets and scrap iron.  Bellets are imported and scrap iron is collected within the country mostly in and around Addis Ababa.  Only bellets will be used in the new plant since scrap iron will not be found in the Region in sufficient quantity.

5. Production Process: The main process is to heat the bellets and making the heated bellets pass through a series of rolling mills whereby the bellets are elongated at each stage of rolling until they reach the desired thickness.  Finally the elongated bars are cut in to the desired length usually 4 meters each.  Main machineries include heating furnace, rough, intermediate and finishing mills.

6. Estimated Investment and 400 more business Ideas in Ethiopia